> So tim (thanks for your help in advance on this one!), are you saying that > caps are an alternative italics for jds? will Yes, another way of emphasizing words without using italics (which generally mean a stress in a sentence) or bold (which is used in word processing and textbooks but not often in fiction), but with a different shading. It's a verbal tic that -- I think -- one gets used to. It's partly ironic, partly sardonic, partly emphatic, and very self-conscious. The closest literary device I can think of -- and I want to emphasize that I don't think they are related, except to the extent that they are extreme and attention-grabbing -- is Eugene O'Neill's use (in "Strange Interlude") of a character speaking his or her thoughts out loud, which are not heard by the other characters. But again, I'm not comparing them; it's just that at the moment, "Strange Interlude" comes to mind. It is a certain kind of self-reflexive gesture, a wink at the audience, and a shorthand way of indicating Something of Great Importance. Which is funny, in a way, in two ways that come to mind. One is the outmoded style of writing English with a German influence (nouns being capitalized), and the other the kind of writing we see in Philip Roth's "Goodbye, Columbus," when Brenda's father writes her a letter which seems to have been meant as well-intentioned but poorly constructed (which, unlike in Salinger, lends a kind of pathos to that element of the story). I'm not sure if I've covered or or confused it, but if I have done the latter, there will be no shortage of people who will let me know -- which is How It Is Supposed to Be, eh? --tim